Chapter 33 Review Sheet
Defintions:
Identify the key terms from chapter 33 (these may or may not be in bold) . Organize terms by section. During the rest of this review sheet attempt to use these terms to answer the questions. DO NOT just write the terms and define them
General Questions
What does the discipline of ecology study?
What are the different models of ecological succession. Give an example where each may be used.
What factors influence population growth
Using survivorship curves explain reproductive strategies for each type of population.
What is a life history pattern? What types are there. Give an example of each type.
Identify density dependent and density independent factors. Have an example for each.
How can competition effect population size and location?
What are types of antipredator defenses?
Compare the types of mimicry why does each type work?
symbiosis?
Drawings:
Levels of organization
Secondary Succession
Patterns of population growth
Survivorship curve
Human population growth
Age structure Diagrams
Vertical resource partitioning
Direct Competition
Keystone species
Predator prey interaction
Multiple choice Practice
1. Ecology is best defined as the study of
A. populations.
B. the rate of population changes.
C. population increases and decreases.
D. how populations are restricted by environmental resistance.
E. organisms as they interact with other organisms and with their physical surroundings.
3. Your front yard represents a(n) _______ while the leafhoppers represent a(n) ______.
A. population; community
B. population; ecosystem
C. ecosystem; population
D. community; population
E. ecosystem; community
5. The study of the interrelationships of plants and animals with each other and with their environment is known as
A. a trophic level.
B. a food web.
C. a habitat.
D. a biosphere.
E. ecology.
9. The composition of a community refers to the
A. nutrients available in the soil.
B. sunlight available to drive the energy needed for metabolism.
C. types of species adapted to living there.
D. type of succession that occurs locally.
E. extent vegetation covers the ground--a desert has low composition.
12. The theory that plants cannot grow on a particular area until the soil has been developed enough is the
A. climax-pattern model.
B. facilitation model.
C. inhibition model.
D. tolerance model.
E. soil development model.
16. The maximum rate of natural increase of a population that can occur under ideal conditions is the
A. population growth.
B. biotic potential.
C. environmental resistance.
D. carrying capacity.
E. steady state.
19. Biotic potential depends on all of the following EXCEPT
A. the usual number of offspring per reproduction.
B. how often each individual reproduces.
C. how many different mates each individual has.
D. chances of survival until the age of reproduction.
E. the age at which reproduction begins.
23. The human growth curve is best described as being
A. flat.
B. J-shaped.
C. V-shaped.
D. S-shaped.
E. W-shaped.
27. Which of the following describes a type II survivorship curve (drawn by plotting the number of individuals in a given population alive at the beginning of each age interval)?
A. Most individuals die of old age.
B. Many individuals die early in life.
C. Individuals die at a constant rate throughout time.
D. Most individuals die during their reproductive years.
33. If the growth rate increases, the doubling time
A. increases.
B. decreases.
C. remains the same.
D. depends on the amount of natural resources.
37. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The growth rate for MDCs has now stabilized.
B. The growth rate for LDCs has now stabilized.
C. The LDCs are not fully industrialized.
D. People in LDCs are often underfed and live in poverty.
E. Currently, over two-thirds of the human population live in LDCs.
53. In an Asian rice paddy, carp eat decaying material from around the base of rice plants while a snail scrapes algae from the leaves, stems, and roots of the same plant. They can survive at the same time in the same rice paddy because they occupy
A. the same habitat but different niches.
B. the same habitat and the same niche.
C. the same niche but different habitats.
D. different habitats and different niches.
59. In large natural ecosystems, competition between two species over time will usually result in
A. death of all the members of one species within a short time.
B. equal numbers of each species persisting for a long time.
C. each species occupying a slightly different niche.
D. hybridization between the two species, resulting in a third species.
E. None of the choices are correct.
65. Overall, the most scientifically correct viewpoint toward predators is
A. predators help keep prey populations from overexploiting limited food resources.
B. generally, ecosystems support more and healthier populations when the large carnivores were eliminated from the system.
C. there is a high level of cruelty and indiscriminate killing among larger predators.
D. when we eliminate predators that could harm us and our activities, we also improve conditions for other animal populations.
E. predators are a neutral influence on prey populations and our activities merely substitute us for the prey we eliminate.
71. An intimate relationship between two species in which coevolution and adaptation occur is
A. competition.
B. a community.
C. an ecosystem.
D. predation.
E. symbiosis.
87. Which of the following IS NOT a form of environmental resistance?
A. Limited food supply
B. Accumulation of waste products
C. Number of offspring produced per litter
D. Predation
74. Which is NOT a parasitic relationship?
A. The Dutch elm disease fungus infects and kills elm trees.
B. The yellow fever virus causes fever and sometimes kills humans.
C. A female tick fastens to the skin of a human host and draws blood for nutrition to make her eggs.
D. The trichina worm burrows into muscle tissue, forms a cyst, and waits to continue its cycle until a predator consumes the host.
E. Unsightly dandelions sprout in a yard and compete with the fescue grass for sunlight.
Wednesday, December 20, 2006
Ecology unit review Chap 34
Chapter 34 Review Sheet
Defintions:
Identify the key terms from chapter 34 (these may or may not be in bold) . Organize terms by section. During the rest of this review sheet attempt to use these terms to answer the questions. DO NOT just write the terms and define them.
Diagrams:
Create the following diagrams: Be sure to label them appropriately, using the correct terms. Title (always) and axis needed if applicable.
1. Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling
2. Show where the 90% of the energy lost from the herbivores to carnivores goes.
3.Food chain for the atlantic ocean
4. Food web for a decidous forest. ( think your backyard, local park)
5.Draw all three ecological pyramids. Include an example of how a specific pyramid can look upside down.
6.General model for chemical cycling
7. Water cycle
8. Phosphorus cycle
9.Nitrogen Cycle
10. Carbon Cycle
11. Oxygen cycle
For drawings 7-11 Identify, on the diagram, what human activities influence the cycle and in what manner and what ecosystem component is involved (minimum 2). Ie carbon cycle: Burning of fossil fuels, Increases CO2 levels (reservoir). Replanting of large forest areas, Decreases CO2 in atmosphere(biotic community).
Multiple choice
Identify what section the question is from. Briefly identify the concept that the question based on. Identify the answer.
The ____ is made of a community of organisms plus its physical environment.
A. food chain
B. habitat
C. niche
D. ecosystem
E. trophic level
Which of the following is/are a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
A. the food chain
B. inorganic nutrients
C. water availability
D. temperature
E. All of the choices are biotic factors in an ecosystem.
How are omnivores, carnivores, and herbivores similar?
A. They are all producers.
B. They are all consumers.
C. They all produce their own food.
D. They all produce oxygen.
E. They are all consumers and produce carbon dioxide
The only heterotrophs required in an ecosystem are
A. omnivores.
B. herbivores.
C. decomposers.
D. autotrophs.
E. carnivores
Energy flow in an ecosystem is NOT cyclic because energy is
A. increased as you go up the energy pyramid.
B. evenly spread out over many organisms.
C. converted to many kinds of useful energy.
D. totally destroyed as it is used.
E. no longer useful when it is converted to heat.
Which of the following is NOT necessary to keep a balanced (stable) ecosystem going?
A. Matter (i.e., elements) has to cycle.
B. There must be an outside energy source.
C. Various populations of producers and consumers must be proportional.
D. Bacteria and fungi should be eliminated.
E. Energy must be allowed to flow through the ecosystem.
Pioneers move into an area and harvest most of the foxes for fur. They are likely to see
A. hawks die out.
B. squirrel populations increase.
C. grasshopper populations increase. D. hawk populations immediately increase.
Most natural food chains are only four or five links long. The number of trophic levels is limited because
A. there are more predators than herbivores.
B. winter kills off most insects and stops the food chains.
C. the efficiency in utilizing the food eaten at each level is very low.
D. All of the choices are correct.
A detritus food chain begins
A. in the ocean.
B. with a producer.
C. with decaying matter.
D. with air pollution.
E. with fungi.
What happens to the amount of energy while going up the food pyramid?
A. The amount of energy decreases.
B. The amount of energy increases.
C. The amount of energy stays the same.
D. The amount of energy first decreases and then finally increases.
If your bobcat is starving, you could give it a mouse (weighing an average of 100 grams) every other day, for a total of 180 mice per year. The pet store charges 50 cents per mouse. Or you could buy grass seed at $1 per kilogram (= 1,000 g) for the mice, and turn your yard into a mouse factory for the cat. What would keep the cost lowest?
A. Buy mice at 50 cents each.
B. Buy grass at $1 a kilogram.
C. Both break even.
D. Buy both mice and grass seed so that each makes up 50% of the cat's diet
Which of the following is NOT an air pollution concern?
A. photochemical smog
B. acid rain
C. thermal inversion
D. ozone shield depletion
E. eutrophication
Nitrogen fixation
A. can occur in root nodules of legumes.
B. can occur in aquatic systems or in soil bacteria.
C. may occur as ammonium is converted to nitrate.
D. may occur as nitrogen gas is converted to nitrate.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following is usually a limiting factor (nutrient) for plants in aquatic systems?
A. Nitrogen
B. Nitrites
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Phosphates
Which of the following is NOT involved in biological magnification in a food chain?
A. heavy metals
B. organochloride pesticides
C. carbon dioxide
D. PCBs
E. DDT
Answer Sheet should be organized as follows:
Name
Period
Chapter 34 Review Sheet
Definitions
Term
Section
Drawings
1 drawing per side of page use the space
Multiple Choice
Question #
Section
Concept
Answer
1
34.sec # pg#
Defintions:
Identify the key terms from chapter 34 (these may or may not be in bold) . Organize terms by section. During the rest of this review sheet attempt to use these terms to answer the questions. DO NOT just write the terms and define them.
Diagrams:
Create the following diagrams: Be sure to label them appropriately, using the correct terms. Title (always) and axis needed if applicable.
1. Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling
2. Show where the 90% of the energy lost from the herbivores to carnivores goes.
3.Food chain for the atlantic ocean
4. Food web for a decidous forest. ( think your backyard, local park)
5.Draw all three ecological pyramids. Include an example of how a specific pyramid can look upside down.
6.General model for chemical cycling
7. Water cycle
8. Phosphorus cycle
9.Nitrogen Cycle
10. Carbon Cycle
11. Oxygen cycle
For drawings 7-11 Identify, on the diagram, what human activities influence the cycle and in what manner and what ecosystem component is involved (minimum 2). Ie carbon cycle: Burning of fossil fuels, Increases CO2 levels (reservoir). Replanting of large forest areas, Decreases CO2 in atmosphere(biotic community).
Multiple choice
Identify what section the question is from. Briefly identify the concept that the question based on. Identify the answer.
The ____ is made of a community of organisms plus its physical environment.
A. food chain
B. habitat
C. niche
D. ecosystem
E. trophic level
Which of the following is/are a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
A. the food chain
B. inorganic nutrients
C. water availability
D. temperature
E. All of the choices are biotic factors in an ecosystem.
How are omnivores, carnivores, and herbivores similar?
A. They are all producers.
B. They are all consumers.
C. They all produce their own food.
D. They all produce oxygen.
E. They are all consumers and produce carbon dioxide
The only heterotrophs required in an ecosystem are
A. omnivores.
B. herbivores.
C. decomposers.
D. autotrophs.
E. carnivores
Energy flow in an ecosystem is NOT cyclic because energy is
A. increased as you go up the energy pyramid.
B. evenly spread out over many organisms.
C. converted to many kinds of useful energy.
D. totally destroyed as it is used.
E. no longer useful when it is converted to heat.
Which of the following is NOT necessary to keep a balanced (stable) ecosystem going?
A. Matter (i.e., elements) has to cycle.
B. There must be an outside energy source.
C. Various populations of producers and consumers must be proportional.
D. Bacteria and fungi should be eliminated.
E. Energy must be allowed to flow through the ecosystem.
Pioneers move into an area and harvest most of the foxes for fur. They are likely to see
A. hawks die out.
B. squirrel populations increase.
C. grasshopper populations increase. D. hawk populations immediately increase.
Most natural food chains are only four or five links long. The number of trophic levels is limited because
A. there are more predators than herbivores.
B. winter kills off most insects and stops the food chains.
C. the efficiency in utilizing the food eaten at each level is very low.
D. All of the choices are correct.
A detritus food chain begins
A. in the ocean.
B. with a producer.
C. with decaying matter.
D. with air pollution.
E. with fungi.
What happens to the amount of energy while going up the food pyramid?
A. The amount of energy decreases.
B. The amount of energy increases.
C. The amount of energy stays the same.
D. The amount of energy first decreases and then finally increases.
If your bobcat is starving, you could give it a mouse (weighing an average of 100 grams) every other day, for a total of 180 mice per year. The pet store charges 50 cents per mouse. Or you could buy grass seed at $1 per kilogram (= 1,000 g) for the mice, and turn your yard into a mouse factory for the cat. What would keep the cost lowest?
A. Buy mice at 50 cents each.
B. Buy grass at $1 a kilogram.
C. Both break even.
D. Buy both mice and grass seed so that each makes up 50% of the cat's diet
Which of the following is NOT an air pollution concern?
A. photochemical smog
B. acid rain
C. thermal inversion
D. ozone shield depletion
E. eutrophication
Nitrogen fixation
A. can occur in root nodules of legumes.
B. can occur in aquatic systems or in soil bacteria.
C. may occur as ammonium is converted to nitrate.
D. may occur as nitrogen gas is converted to nitrate.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following is usually a limiting factor (nutrient) for plants in aquatic systems?
A. Nitrogen
B. Nitrites
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Phosphates
Which of the following is NOT involved in biological magnification in a food chain?
A. heavy metals
B. organochloride pesticides
C. carbon dioxide
D. PCBs
E. DDT
Answer Sheet should be organized as follows:
Name
Period
Chapter 34 Review Sheet
Definitions
Term
Section
Drawings
1 drawing per side of page use the space
Multiple Choice
Question #
Section
Concept
Answer
1
34.sec # pg#
Ecology Unit Review 35
Chapter 35 Review Sheet
Defintions:
Identify the key terms from chapter 34 (these may or may not be in bold) . Organize terms by section. During the rest of this review sheet attempt to use these terms to answer the questions. DO NOT just write the terms and define them
Questions
1.How does Solar radiation drive climate differences in the biosphere.
2.How do global air circulation patterns and physical features produce the various patterns of temperature and rainfall about the globe. .
3 What are the major terrestrial biomes
5. How do ocean currents also contribute to the climate and the weather over the continents.
6. What are the Earth’s major aquatic environments
Drawings
A map of the world identifying the terrestrial biomes, the abiotic factors that are most influential and examples of organisms that live there
A profile of the marine biomes the abiotic factors that are most influential and examples of organisms that live there
An example of a freshwater biome. the abiotic factors that are most influential and examples of organisms that live there
Practice multiple choice
1. The earth is actually slightly farther from the sun during the period when the Northern Hemisphere is having summer. How can this be explained?
A. The sun grows more powerful on a half-year cycle.
B. There is a six-month lag phase between sunlight being absorbed and lost.
C. The tilt of the earth presents the Northern Hemisphere in a more perpendicular angle and this increased sunlight per surface area more than offsets the decrease from added distance.
D. There must be some mistake in measuring the earth's orbit because if the earth was farther away, we would be cooler.
3. The following number of ant species were counted in these biomes.
Tundra (5)
Taiga (18)
Conifer Mixed Forest (41)
Temperature Mixed Forest (103)
The most likely reason(s) for the number of ant species in this list is/are:
A. greater sunlight.
B. variations in soil type.
C. different species of predators.
D. air pressure, humidity, and resulting rainfall.
E. the amount of photosynthetic production, length of the warm season, and diversity of plants.
5. In the water cycle, evaporated equatorial water that rises and does not immediately rain back down proceeds to move
A. all the way to the poles where it causes snow.
B. all the way to the poles if it does not encounter mountain ranges, which it usually does.
C. to about 60o north or south and then cool and condense, supporting a band of moist vegetation.
D. to about 30o north or south and then descends, supporting a band of deserts.
9. The largest communities on land are called
A. biospheres.
B. estuaries.
C. tundras.
D. taigas.
E. biomes.
7. Zones of low rainfall and therefore most deserts are at
A. the equator since the light intensity is greatest there.
B. the centers of all continents since they are farthest from the oceans that are the source of all water evaporation.
C. about 30o north and south latitude.
D. about 60o north and south latitude.
E. random points wherever wind patterns fail to bring moist air.
11. Arctic winds blowing over inland reservoirs become saturated and then lose their moisture as they move across land. This is referred to as
A. lake effect.
B. eutrophication.
C. a montane successional gradient.
D. a monsoon climate.
E. rain shadow.
13. Which of the following statements is NOT true about biomes?
A. They vary according to climate.
B. They are communities of similar populations.
C. They vary according to latitude and altitude.
D. They are the smallest communities on land.
14. Which of the following do NOT help determine a biome?
A. amount of rainfall
B. solar energy
C. soil
D. ocean currents
E. mountain ranges
17. Which is/are a correct characterization of tundra?
A. All precipitation in the tundra remains permanently frozen, hence the name "permafrost."
B. The landscape of pools and mires in the tundra is due to a high amount of precipitation.
C. The long periods of darkness, sometimes even six months of night, prevents trees and other photosynthetic producers from growing.
D. In the summer, the tundra is alive with insects and birds.
E. All of the choices are true.
21. A treeless region with little rainfall in the far north is the
A. grassland.
B. tundra.
C. taiga.
D. chaparral.
E. desert.
26. The taiga is a
A. tropical rain forest.
B. temperate deciduous forest.
C. chaparral.
D. grassland.
E. coniferous forest.
31. Which of the following statements is NOT true about deciduous trees?
A. They include oak, beech, and maple trees.
B. They lose their leaves in the fall.
C. They grow their leaves in the spring.
D. They are found in a moderate climate with a relatively high rainfall.
E. They are found north of the taiga in eastern North America.
33. Which biome has the most different kinds of species and the total amount of living matter?
A. epipelagic region of the ocean
B. temperate deciduous forest
C. tropical rain forest
D. taiga
E. African savanna
37. Which vegetation type would produce the most carbon and use the most carbon dioxide per unit of area per year?
A. farmland in a grassland biome
B. savanna in Africa
C. rain forest in South America
D. temperate forest in eastern United States
E. coniferous forests in Canada
41. The biome found in parts of South Africa and California that has small shrubs with thick evergreen leaves coated with a waxy material and underground stems is the
A. taiga.
B. prairie.
C. savanna.
D. chaparral.
E. tropical rain forest.
43. An African tropical grassland that varies cool, dry seasons with hot, rainy seasons is the
A. savanna.
B. chaparral.
C. prairie.
D. taiga.
E. tundra.
47. The ____ biome is characterized by hot days, cold nights, cacti, and the mesquite tree.
A. desert
B. tundra
C. savanna grassland
D. prairie grassland
E. chaparral
50. The mixing of oxygenated water with nutrient laden water that occurs in lakes is called
A. intertidal zonation.
B. upwelling.
C. pelagic division.
D. fall overturn.
E. eutrophication.
53. Zooplankton
A. includes all life in the oceanic ecosystem.
B. are free-drifting or mobile algae that form the base of the aquatic food chain.
C. are animals that feed on phytoplankton.
D. includes all the organisms that animals feed on.
E. are small organisms found on animals.
57. Dragonfly larvae move about on the bottom of lakes and streams in the soil-water interface called the
A. pelagic zone.
B. estuarine zone.
C. benthos.
D. limnetic zone.
E. littoral zone.
61. Which is NOT strictly a freshwater community?
A. lakes
B. rivers
C. estuaries
D. streams
E. ponds
66. Ocean currents
A. are generated by friction between winds and ocean surfaces.
B. always move clockwise in an ocean basin.
C. are important in shipping but have little effect on living environments.
D. are driven by the earth's core rotating faster than the ocean water.
E. All of the choices are true.
67. The Gulf Stream
A. brings tropical Caribbean water to the east coast of North America and upper western Europe.
B. makes local climates uniform so that Great Britain has the same climate as Greenland.
C. is the major Atlantic ocean current that warms the eastern coast of South America.
D. is the source of "El Niño" and is a major fishing grounds.
E. All of the choices are true.
71. Which region of the open ocean is brightly lit?
A. epipelagic
B. mesopelagic
C. bathypelagic
D. abyssal
E. benthic
79. The coral reef community would be best described as
A. a hard stony desert that is nevertheless beautiful.
B. a common view of all ocean bottom but only seen in shallow water near the shoreline.
C. a densely populated community that only occurs in shallow water near the shoreline.
D. a community based on animals that migrate from one area of ocean to another.
E. undersea flowers.
83. Which of the following statements about modern farming practices is true, with reference to biodiversity?
A. United States crop fields are highly diverse.
B. United States crop fields are somewhat diverse.
C. United States crop fields are generally monocultural stands.
D. United States crop fields have extremely high biodiversity.
Defintions:
Identify the key terms from chapter 34 (these may or may not be in bold) . Organize terms by section. During the rest of this review sheet attempt to use these terms to answer the questions. DO NOT just write the terms and define them
Questions
1.How does Solar radiation drive climate differences in the biosphere.
2.How do global air circulation patterns and physical features produce the various patterns of temperature and rainfall about the globe. .
3 What are the major terrestrial biomes
5. How do ocean currents also contribute to the climate and the weather over the continents.
6. What are the Earth’s major aquatic environments
Drawings
A map of the world identifying the terrestrial biomes, the abiotic factors that are most influential and examples of organisms that live there
A profile of the marine biomes the abiotic factors that are most influential and examples of organisms that live there
An example of a freshwater biome. the abiotic factors that are most influential and examples of organisms that live there
Practice multiple choice
1. The earth is actually slightly farther from the sun during the period when the Northern Hemisphere is having summer. How can this be explained?
A. The sun grows more powerful on a half-year cycle.
B. There is a six-month lag phase between sunlight being absorbed and lost.
C. The tilt of the earth presents the Northern Hemisphere in a more perpendicular angle and this increased sunlight per surface area more than offsets the decrease from added distance.
D. There must be some mistake in measuring the earth's orbit because if the earth was farther away, we would be cooler.
3. The following number of ant species were counted in these biomes.
Tundra (5)
Taiga (18)
Conifer Mixed Forest (41)
Temperature Mixed Forest (103)
The most likely reason(s) for the number of ant species in this list is/are:
A. greater sunlight.
B. variations in soil type.
C. different species of predators.
D. air pressure, humidity, and resulting rainfall.
E. the amount of photosynthetic production, length of the warm season, and diversity of plants.
5. In the water cycle, evaporated equatorial water that rises and does not immediately rain back down proceeds to move
A. all the way to the poles where it causes snow.
B. all the way to the poles if it does not encounter mountain ranges, which it usually does.
C. to about 60o north or south and then cool and condense, supporting a band of moist vegetation.
D. to about 30o north or south and then descends, supporting a band of deserts.
9. The largest communities on land are called
A. biospheres.
B. estuaries.
C. tundras.
D. taigas.
E. biomes.
7. Zones of low rainfall and therefore most deserts are at
A. the equator since the light intensity is greatest there.
B. the centers of all continents since they are farthest from the oceans that are the source of all water evaporation.
C. about 30o north and south latitude.
D. about 60o north and south latitude.
E. random points wherever wind patterns fail to bring moist air.
11. Arctic winds blowing over inland reservoirs become saturated and then lose their moisture as they move across land. This is referred to as
A. lake effect.
B. eutrophication.
C. a montane successional gradient.
D. a monsoon climate.
E. rain shadow.
13. Which of the following statements is NOT true about biomes?
A. They vary according to climate.
B. They are communities of similar populations.
C. They vary according to latitude and altitude.
D. They are the smallest communities on land.
14. Which of the following do NOT help determine a biome?
A. amount of rainfall
B. solar energy
C. soil
D. ocean currents
E. mountain ranges
17. Which is/are a correct characterization of tundra?
A. All precipitation in the tundra remains permanently frozen, hence the name "permafrost."
B. The landscape of pools and mires in the tundra is due to a high amount of precipitation.
C. The long periods of darkness, sometimes even six months of night, prevents trees and other photosynthetic producers from growing.
D. In the summer, the tundra is alive with insects and birds.
E. All of the choices are true.
21. A treeless region with little rainfall in the far north is the
A. grassland.
B. tundra.
C. taiga.
D. chaparral.
E. desert.
26. The taiga is a
A. tropical rain forest.
B. temperate deciduous forest.
C. chaparral.
D. grassland.
E. coniferous forest.
31. Which of the following statements is NOT true about deciduous trees?
A. They include oak, beech, and maple trees.
B. They lose their leaves in the fall.
C. They grow their leaves in the spring.
D. They are found in a moderate climate with a relatively high rainfall.
E. They are found north of the taiga in eastern North America.
33. Which biome has the most different kinds of species and the total amount of living matter?
A. epipelagic region of the ocean
B. temperate deciduous forest
C. tropical rain forest
D. taiga
E. African savanna
37. Which vegetation type would produce the most carbon and use the most carbon dioxide per unit of area per year?
A. farmland in a grassland biome
B. savanna in Africa
C. rain forest in South America
D. temperate forest in eastern United States
E. coniferous forests in Canada
41. The biome found in parts of South Africa and California that has small shrubs with thick evergreen leaves coated with a waxy material and underground stems is the
A. taiga.
B. prairie.
C. savanna.
D. chaparral.
E. tropical rain forest.
43. An African tropical grassland that varies cool, dry seasons with hot, rainy seasons is the
A. savanna.
B. chaparral.
C. prairie.
D. taiga.
E. tundra.
47. The ____ biome is characterized by hot days, cold nights, cacti, and the mesquite tree.
A. desert
B. tundra
C. savanna grassland
D. prairie grassland
E. chaparral
50. The mixing of oxygenated water with nutrient laden water that occurs in lakes is called
A. intertidal zonation.
B. upwelling.
C. pelagic division.
D. fall overturn.
E. eutrophication.
53. Zooplankton
A. includes all life in the oceanic ecosystem.
B. are free-drifting or mobile algae that form the base of the aquatic food chain.
C. are animals that feed on phytoplankton.
D. includes all the organisms that animals feed on.
E. are small organisms found on animals.
57. Dragonfly larvae move about on the bottom of lakes and streams in the soil-water interface called the
A. pelagic zone.
B. estuarine zone.
C. benthos.
D. limnetic zone.
E. littoral zone.
61. Which is NOT strictly a freshwater community?
A. lakes
B. rivers
C. estuaries
D. streams
E. ponds
66. Ocean currents
A. are generated by friction between winds and ocean surfaces.
B. always move clockwise in an ocean basin.
C. are important in shipping but have little effect on living environments.
D. are driven by the earth's core rotating faster than the ocean water.
E. All of the choices are true.
67. The Gulf Stream
A. brings tropical Caribbean water to the east coast of North America and upper western Europe.
B. makes local climates uniform so that Great Britain has the same climate as Greenland.
C. is the major Atlantic ocean current that warms the eastern coast of South America.
D. is the source of "El Niño" and is a major fishing grounds.
E. All of the choices are true.
71. Which region of the open ocean is brightly lit?
A. epipelagic
B. mesopelagic
C. bathypelagic
D. abyssal
E. benthic
79. The coral reef community would be best described as
A. a hard stony desert that is nevertheless beautiful.
B. a common view of all ocean bottom but only seen in shallow water near the shoreline.
C. a densely populated community that only occurs in shallow water near the shoreline.
D. a community based on animals that migrate from one area of ocean to another.
E. undersea flowers.
83. Which of the following statements about modern farming practices is true, with reference to biodiversity?
A. United States crop fields are highly diverse.
B. United States crop fields are somewhat diverse.
C. United States crop fields are generally monocultural stands.
D. United States crop fields have extremely high biodiversity.
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